Fig. 2 | Nature Communications

Fig. 2

From: Giant anisotropic thermal expansion actuated by thermodynamically assisted reorientation of imidazoliums in a single crystal

Fig. 2

Temperature-dependent unit-cell parameters of 1. a The dihedral angles between the Himd+ molecular planes and the crystallographic (010) face. As the temperature increases, both φ and θ gradually increase and finally reach 90° at 393 K. b The interlayer distances between CuCl42− dianions separated by the Himd+ cations in layers A (dA) and B (dB). c The unit-cell length of 1. Upon heating, the b-axis length increases monotonically in the temperature range of 123 to 393 K, whereas the a-axis and c-axis lengths increase slightly from 123 to 263 K, and then decrease significantly from 273 to 393 K. d The anisotropic thermal expansion of the material along the principal axes (a′, b′, and c′) obtained from PASCal in the temperature range from 273 to 353 K

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