Fig. 2
From: Rice production threatened by coupled stresses of climate and soil arsenic
Arsenic contents in Oryza sativa L. cv. M206 grains produced under different climatic and soil arsenic conditions. a Amount of organic (upper bar) and inorganic (lower bar) arsenic accumulated in dehusked grains produced under today’s (grey), future (purple), elevated CO2 (blue) and elevated temperature (red) climatic conditions with low (solid) and high (chequered) soil arsenic levels. Upper green dashed line represents the European Union limit of 250 µg inorganic arsenic kg−1 in husked rice, and the lower green dashed line represents the European Union and United States limit of 100 µg inorganic arsenic kg−1 in infant food. b Arsenic species (arsenite and DMA) X-ray fluorescence micrographs of husked grains produced under today’s and future climatic conditions with high soil arsenic levels. Scale bar 500 µm. c Amount of arsenic accumulated in husk, and d percentage of arsenic retained by husk compared to amount of arsenic that entered the grain. (Eight biological replicates, mean values ± standard errors were compared to each other using the unpaired t test at a 95% confidence interval. Different lowercase letters indicate that mean values were significantly different from each other (p < 0.05), for details see Supplementary Table 2b, c, d)
