Table 1 Summary of evolutionary models

From: Stepwise shifts underlie evolutionary trends in morphological complexity of the mammalian vertebral column

Name

Hypothesis

Description

Parameters

BM

Passive

Brownian motion

σ², θroot

BMtrend

Active trend

Brownian motion with a trend

σ², θroot, trend

OU1

Release and radiate

Rooted OU with single optima

σ², θroot, α, θopt

RR

Single optimum

OU -> BM at Mammalia

σ²OU, σ²BM,θ, α

OU2

Mammal shift

OU->OU at Mammalia

σ², θNMS, θMam, α

OU3A

Developmental shift

OU->OU->OU at Therapsida and Theria

σ², θNTS, θTherap,θTheria, α

OU3B

Functional shift

OU->OU->OU at Cynodontia and Boreotheria

σ², θNCS, θCyn,θBoreo, α

  1. For shift locations see Fig. 2