Fig. 10
Ky3 and standard of care vasodilator therapy combination attenuates severe PAH. Panel (a) shows the schema for disease initiation and treatment time course. b Plasma concentrations of antibody and IgG. Boxplots show (c) right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), (d) right ventricular arterial elastance (RV Ea), (e) right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), (f) left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP), (g) degree of medial wall thickness as a ratio of total vessel size (Media/CSA) and (h) the relative percentage of muscularised small pulmonary arteries and arterioles in < 50 µm vessels. Graph (i) shows the circulating level of OPG, and panel (j) shows representative photomicrographs of serial lung sections. Sections were stained for Alcian Blue Elastic van Gieson (ABEVG), immunostained for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), or von Willebrand factor (vWF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or cleaved Caspase 3. Box and Whisker plots represent the interquartile range (box) with the line representing the median and whisker the full range of the data, each animal is represented by a dot, white boxes represent control (n = 9), blue (SuHx, n = 10), grey (IgG4 treated, n = 9) and green (Ky3 treated, n = 11), yellow (sildenafil treated, n = 7), purple (sildenafil & Ky3 treated, n = 8), orange (bosentan treated, n = 6) and red (bosentan & Ky3 treated, n = 10) rats. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 compared to IgG, *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to SuHx treated rats using one-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. All images are presented at their original magnification ×400, scale bar represents 20 µm
