Fig. 4

Transcriptome analysis of gene expression in H. mephisto. a Boxplot showing that Hsp70 transcripts are induced on heat while AIG1 transcripts are unchanged. Box shows median (center line) and first and third quartiles, while whiskers indicate the 15th to 85th percentiles, and notches represent confidence intervals. p Values obtained by two-tailed Mann–Whitney test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. b Volcano plot of gene expression fold change comparing heat (combined replicates: 38°, n = 3, and 40°, n = 6) versus 25 °C control (replicates, n = 3). Statistically altered transcripts, defined as q value less than 0.05 and upregulated or downregulated at least twofold under heat-stress conditions (38–40 °C) relative to 25 °C controls, are indicated with luminosity of 1 while nonsignificant are luminosity 0.1. The q value was obtained from the stattest() function within the Ballgown R package. Genes labeled “Unknown” are novel, as discussed in the text. Proteins encoding no recognizable domain but matching other nematodes by blastp are indicated with the number of nematode species matched (out of the 28 used in constructing the blast database). For genes matching only a single other nematode, the species is given in parenthesis. Color key: red: Hsp70, blue: AIG1, green: ARMET, and magenta: peptidases. Abbreviations: Sax-2 sensory axon guidance 2, LSM like SM. BI-1, Bax Inhibitor—1, ARMET arginine-rich, mutated in early-stage tumors. Source data are provided as a Source Data file