Fig. 4

Collective coordinate (CC) analysis of laser radiation. a The imaginary part, and b the real part of the discrete spectrum of the output of the laser when \({I}_{\mathrm{p}}=650\) mA where the parameters of Eq. (8) are \(\delta =-0.2\), \(a=0.0619\), and \(K=0.0196\). c The imaginary part, and d. the real part of the discrete spectrum of the output of the laser when \({I}_{\mathrm{p}}=1200\) mA where the parameters of Eq. (8) are \(\delta =-0.3\), \(a=0.1\), and \(K=0.2\). These parameters obtained through a CC analysis of the laser output, can be used to arrive at a channel model for the laser system under study.