Fig. 1

Engineering and characterising extraneous exosomes. a Exosomes derived from either the human lung cancer cell line A549 (A-Exo expressing high EGFR) or the control human lung fibroblast cell line HELF (H-Exo) were isolated and transfected with a DNA sequence for quantitative analysis. b, c High-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) and d, e transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show the size and morphology of A-Exo and H-Exo, respectively, with an additional sixfold amplification in size (insets). f Flow cytometry analysis showing the expression levels of CD9 and CD63 on A-Exo and H-Exo with high EGFR expression on A-Exo only. g Size distribution and h protein quantification using the standard concentration curves of A-Exo and H-Exo (n = 3 independent samples). Scale bars: 400 nm (b), 200 nm (c), 100 nm (d, e). Data presented as the mean ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.