Fig. 3

PDLIM2 loss increases tumorigenesis while its reconstitution suppresses lung cancer development and metastasis. a Kaplan–Meier tumor-free survival curve showing increased spontaneous tumors in PDLIM2^−/− mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Log-rank test was performed. b Percentile of tumor types spontaneously developed in PDLIM2^−/− mice showing a majority of lung tumors. c K-Ras^G12D model showing increased lung tumors in PDLIM2^−/− mice (WT: n = 5, PDLIM2^−/−: n = 6). Scale bar, 1 mm. d Lung tissue IHC analysis showing specific deletion of PDLIM2 from lung epithelial cells in ΔSPC mice treated with urethane. Lung epithelial and myeloid cells are indicated by black and white arrows, respectively. Scale bar, 10 μm. e Urethane model showing increased lung tumors in ΔSPC mice (n = 4). Scale bar, 1 mm. f SCID mouse model showing lung tumor suppression by PDLIM2 reconstitution (n = 3). g MAD109 syngeneic model showing PDLIM2 suppression of primary and metastatic lung tumors (n = 4). Scale bar, 1 mm. Student’s t test (two tailed, unpaired) was performed, and data represent means ± SEM in (c, e–g). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.