Fig. 4
From: Impacts of past abrupt land change on local biodiversity globally
Abrupt land change affects taxonomic groups differently. Difference in a local species richness, b total abundance, and c the probability of interspecific encounter for taxonomic groups (plants, fungi, ground-dwelling invertebrates, flying invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) between sites with and without an abrupt land change. Separate models were fitted for taxonomic groups comparing sites with shifts in magnitude (squares) and trend differences (diamonds), where colours indicate negative (red) and positive (blue) direction, to sites without abrupt land change (black circles, grey line). Error bars show standard errors and asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** < 0.001) from the hierarchical mixed effects models. Numbers give the sample size as the number of studies included per taxonomic group. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Species silhouettes from http://phylopic.org.
