Fig. 5: Yeast glycolytic oscillations.
From: Emergence of collective oscillations in adaptive cells
a The reaction network of glycolysis in a yeast cell (see Supplementary Figure 3 for full names of the abbreviations). b Single-cell phase diagram spanned by the intracellular glucose and acetaldehyde (ACE) concentrations. Adaptation becomes less accurate further away from the oscillatory region (white), as indicated by coloured bands. The response of ATP changes sign around ACE\({}_{{\rm{in}},0}\simeq 0.2\) as indicated by the dashed line. c Representative time traces of metabolites to an upshift in intracellular ACE concentration (ACE\({}_{{\rm{in}}}\)) for selected conditions in each band (triangle, star, and diamond in (b)). d Frequency-resolved phase shifts of selected metabolites to weak sinusoidal perturbations of ACE\({}_{{\rm{in}}}\). ATP, BPG and PEP are phase-leading in both blue and orange bands of the phase diagram, while PYR does so only in the blue band. e A reduced model for glycolytic oscillations where the intracellular NAD/NADH ratio and pyruvate (PYR) act as the receiver and sender of the signal (ACE), respectively. Adaptive response of PYR to ACE is coupled to the homeostasis of ATP through the reaction PYK. f Phase diagram of the reduced model against intracellular ACE concentration. g Oscillation amplitudes (upper panel) and time-averaged intracellular and extracellular ACE concentrations (lower panel) against cell density in a population where individual cells metabolise according to the reduced model. Data for three selected values of ACE membrane permeability \(D\) are shown.
