Fig. 1: Salmonella biofilm EPS is a public good.
From: Inhibiting bacterial cooperation is an evolutionarily robust anti-biofilm strategy
Wild-type S. Typhimurium strain ATCC14028 (EPS producer) is indicated in (shaded) green; the isogenic ΔcsgD mutant (EPS non-producer) is indicated in red. a Amount of biomass in monoculture biofilms. b Number of cells in monoculture biofilms. c Survival of monoculture biofilms after treatment with ciprofloxacin (1 µm) and H2O2 (0.25%). d Average growth rate (∆CFU h−1) in competition (1:1) during late exponential phase in liquid (8–20 h). The relative growth rate of wild type compared with ΔcsgD mutant is 1.3. e Confocal image of monoculture biofilms. f Colony morphologies of the wild type and different biofilm mutants. For competition experiments d and microscopy e, wild type and ΔcsgD mutant were fluorescently labelled in green and red, respectively. A similar outcome was obtained when colors were reversed and competition was neutral when strains that only differ in the fluorescent protein marker were competed against each other (Supplementary Fig. 2). Bars represent mean, dots represent measurements for biological replicates and error bars show s.e.m. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). P values derived from two-tailed student’s t test using Welch’s correction if s.d. are significantly (P < 0.05) different. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
