Fig. 4: The transcriptional signature of sarcopenia in human muscle is mainly driven by the loss of appendicular lean mass index (ALMi) and grip strength.

a Volcano plot of genes associated with ALMi, grip strength and gait speed as continuous variables. p-values were calculated using moderated t-statistics and coefficients of association represent the log2 fold change of gene expression per unit of variable of interest. Genes which are differentially regulated with sarcopenia at a FDR < 10% (Fig. 1a) are represented in black. b Gene-set enrichment analysis of genes associated with ALMi, grip strength, and gait speed as continuous variables using CAMERA and the C2 curated gene set collection from MSigDB. Gene sets are ordered according to the significance of their association with ALMi; only gene sets with an FDR < 10% in at least one association and with a gene overlap <75% are represented. The significance threshold of 10% FDR is represented by black vertical lines and FDRs smaller than 10E−10 are trimmed at 10E−10. For all panels, n = 39 SSS muscle samples.