Fig. 4: Evaluation of temperature monitoring ability of UCL-NCs.

a Schematic illustration of conventional ratiometric thermometry with the same wavelength emission. b Schematic diagram of UCL signals separation via time-resolved decoding. c UCL emission signals decoding of UCL-NCs using time-resolved spectrometer. d The same wavelength ratio of IPbS to ITm obtained using time-resolved spectrometry at different temperatures and blocking with pork tissue slice of various thickness. Data and error bars, defined as s.d., were based on three measurements with an excitation of 865 nm laser on spectrometry. e Ratio values deviation due to blocking with pork tissue slice of different thickness compared with ratio signals measured without pork tissue slice blocking using the same wavelength or conventional ratiometric thermometry. f A plot of IPbS810/ITm810 versus T to calibrate the temperature. Average values of IPbS810/ITm810 under different temperatures were obtained to fit the calibration curve based on the spectra with blocking due to pork tissue slice of different thickness. Error bars were defined as s.d. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.