Fig. 2: The 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based analysis of the prevalence of novel species in the mGMB.

a Radar plot depicting the prevalence of 77 novel taxa within the host-associated microbiotas from diverse hosts. The numbers of novel species that got hits on OTUs in datasets were marked in orange. OB.CNA: the gut microbiota of ob/ob mice from China (n = 12), WT.CNA: the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice from China (n = 12), OB.DEN: the gut microbiota of ob/ob mice from Denmark (n = 239), WT.DEN: the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice from Denmark (n = 120), OB.tre = t: the gut microbiota of ob/ob mice from China treated with anti-metabolic-syndrome medicine SA-7 (n = 31), DIO.USA: the gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice from the USA (n = 25), CD1.USA: the gut microbiota of outbred CD1 mice from the USA (n = 208), miBC: the gut microbiota of mice with different genetic backgrounds and housed in various facilities in Europe and America from miBC (n = 93), HG.AUS: the gut microbiota of humans from Australia (n = 300), HG.USA: the gut microbiota of humans from USA (n = 97), MG: the gut microbiota of rhesus monkeys from China (n = 160), HV: the microbiota of the human vagina (n = 20), HO: the microbiota of the human oral cavity (n = 66). b, c The novel taxa improved the annotation rate of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon data of murine GMs at the genus level (b) and at the species level (c). LTP version_132 (olive drab): data annotated using LTP database version 132, LTP version_mGMB (light yellow): data annotated using a customized LTP database by supplementing the 16S rRNA gene sequences of 77 novel species; data are shown in box-and-whiskers plot, center line: median, bounds of box: quartile, whiskers: Tukey extreme; the mean ± SEM of annotation rates using different databases were given in the panels and were statistically determined to be significantly different (p < 0.001) by t test. The n numbers represent the biologically independent samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.