Fig. 1: Rad10-Rad1 and Msh2-Msh3 are required for Z-DNA-induced genetic instability in S. cerevisiae.
From: Distinct DNA repair pathways cause genomic instability at alternative DNA structures
a B-DNA (left panel) and left-handed Z-DNA flanked by two regions of B-DNA (right panel) B-Z junctions are labeled (red arrows). b Schematic of the YAC fragility assay. c Mutation rates calculated as rate of FOAR for WT, rad1Δ, rad10Δ, msh2Δ, and msh3Δ strains containing control B-DNA or Z-DNA-forming YACs [Student’s t-test was used to calculate a P value. *P < 0.001]. Data are presented as means ± SEM of triplicate experiments, and values of each repeat are shown as dot plots on the bars. d Mutation spectra of FOAR clones from control B-DNA or Z-DNA-forming YACs in the WT strain were determined by sequencing and PCR, and mutants were categorized as either point mutation (PM)/small deletion within the URA3 gene or complete loss of the right arm of the chromosome as a result of a DSB60. “Adjusted FOAR rate and spectra” was calculated by multiplying the percentage of each category (calculated from 30 mutants) by the total FOAR ratio. See also Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2, and Supplementary Tables 1 and 2.
