Table 5 Description of variables entered into multivariate models.
Variable | Description |
|---|---|
Boil Milk (1 = Yes 0 = No) | Whether a household normally boiled their drinking milk before consumption |
Distance from HH to nearest urban center | Geodesic distance in kilometers between household and the nearest urban center. Nearest urban center was Arusha or Moshi |
HH health care visits | The number of times any member of the household went to visit a clinic in the last six months |
HH antibiotic use | A scale of antibiotic use potential that include the number of antibiotics, syringes, and recalled use of antibiotics in last month |
HH vaccination use | The number of diseases all livestock had been vaccinated against. Importantly, this did not indicate whether an entire herd had been vaccinated for a particular disease |
Vet services used | The number of veterinary services used including government veterinarians, private veterinarians, community animal health workers, agrovets shopkeepers, and animal health laboratory workers |
Livestock exchange partners | The number of unique individuals a household had exchanged cattle with in the last year |
Livestock in and out of home | The number of livestock (cattle, sheep, goats) that moved in and out of the household on a daily basis. The herd would leave to graze/water in the morning and return near sunset |
Livestock purchased | The number of livestock (cattle, sheep, goats) purchased in the last year |
Markets used | The number of markets a household used to buy and sell livestock (cattle, sheep, goats) |
Outside livestock managed | The number of livestock (cattle, sheep, goats) that a person managed for someone outside the household. |
Scale of urbanity | A scale of urbanity including whether the household had any form of electricity, radio, tv, refrigerator, motorcycle, vehicle, and number of cellphones |
Steps taken to avoid disease | The number of steps taken by households to avoid diseases in their herds including, keeping calves separate, making an isolation shed, grazing sick cattle separately, supplementing feed, vaccinating, and spraying |
Toilet (1 = Yes 0 = No) | Whether the household used a flush/pit toilet |
Total animals at home | The total number of animals kept at the household including cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, chickens, pigs, ducks |
Waterholes used | The number of waterholes NORMALLY used by a household throughout the year |
Water source shared with animals | A variable indicating whether livestock, wildlife, and people shared the same water source |
