Table 1 Net diversity effects (NE) on productivity, phenology and albedo.

Category	Landscape function	Landscape size	NE > 0 effect (mean ± s.e.m.)^a	NE > 0 effect significance (one-sample t-test)^a	Linear effect of log(LR) on NE (mean ± s.e.m.)^a	Linear effect of log(LR) on NE significance (F-test)^a
Productivity	\(\overline {{\mathrm{EVI}}}\)	250 × 250 m	0.026 ± 0.008	t₂₇ = 3.3; P = 0.001	0.054 ± 0.019	F_1,20 = 7.7; P = 0.012
	\(\overline {{\mathrm{EVI}}}\)	500 × 500 m	0.035 ± 0.011	t₁₉ = 3.2; P = 0.003	0.087 ± 0.045	F_1,16 = 3.8; P = 0.067
	EVI_GS (yr)	250 × 250 m	0.017 ± 0.005	t₂₇ = 3.6; P = 0.001	0.033 ± 0.013	F_1,18 = 6.8; P = 0.018
	EVI_GS (yr)	500 × 500 m	0.022 ± 0.006	t₁₉ = 3.7; P = 0.001	0.045 ± 0.025	F_1,15 = 3.3; P = 0.088
Phenology	GSL (d)	250 × 250 m	1.807 ± 1.346	t₂₇ = 1.3; P = 0.095	3.364 ± 3.561	F_1,19 = 0.9; P = 0.357
Phenology	GSL (d)	500 × 500 m	0.295 ± 1.862	t₁₉ = 0.2; P = 0.438	−2.101 ± 8.644	F_1,24 =0.1; P = 0.810
Albedo	α_NIR	500 × 500 m	0.030 ± 0.007	t₁₉ = 4.2; P < 0.001	0.055 ± 0.028	F_1,17 = 3.9; P = 0.064

^aStatistically significant results are highlighted in bold
The first test (NE > 0) indicates whether landscape plots with a mixture of land-cover types performed better than landscape plots with a single land-cover type. The second test [linear effect of log(LR)] indicates whether NE increased with log-transformed landscape richness [log(LR)]. Productivity: growing-season mean enhanced vegetation index (\(\overline {{\mathrm{EVI}}}\)), growing-season integrated enhanced vegetation index (EVI_GS); Phenology: growing-season length (GSL); Albedo: near-infrared range (α_NIR); t: t-value with associated degrees of freedom; F: F-ratio with associated degrees of freedom; P: P-value (n = 153 and 40 land-cover composition × block combinations with landscape richness > 1 in 250 × 250 m and 500 × 500 m landscapes, respectively)

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