Fig. 6: Editing of ascr#18 and generation of repellent signals act in parallel with conventional innate immune responses in plants.
From: Plant metabolism of nematode pheromones mediates plant-nematode interactions
Plants detect PAMPs such as flg22, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and peptidoglycan derived from bacteria, infestin 1 (INF1), chitin, and β-glucan derived from fungi/oomycete, and ascr#18 derived from nematodes via cell-surface-localized PRRs to induce conventional PTI. A parallel “semiotic defense” depends on metabolic editing of nematode-derived ascr#18 by the plant to generate a cocktail of ascarosides pheromones that acts as a repellent of parasitic nematodes (*PRRs unknown).
