Fig. 1: Bach2 limits activation and effector differentiation of mature Treg cells.

a Flow cytometry plots showing Bach2-RFP reporter expression by splenic Treg cells with naïve (CD62L⁺) and activated (CD62L^-) phenotypes, or wildtype cells (dashed line). b Co-expression of Bach2-RFP with indicated activation-associated molecules. c Proportions and numbers and of Treg cells in the spleens and pooled brachial, axial and inguinal lymph nodes of 6 to 8-week-old Foxp3^Cre and Bach2^fl/flFoxp3^Cre mice. d Histograms showing expression of indicated molecules (upper) and quantification of their expression (lower), as measured by flow cytometry of splenic Treg cells from 6 to 8-week-old Foxp3^Cre and Bach2^fl/flFoxp3^Cre mice. e, f Splenic Treg cells from Foxp3^Cre and Bach2^fl/flFoxp3^Cre mice were isolated by flow cytometry and subjected to RNA-seq. e Heatmap shows expression of the top 200-most differentially expressed genes, with genes of interest indicated. f Gene set enrichment plot for a gene signature of eTreg cells³² in the comparison between Bach2^fl/flFoxp3^Cre and control Foxp3^Cre Treg cells. g Flow cytometry plots showing expression of KLRG1 and ST2 by Treg cells isolated from the colonic lamina proprium, liver and lung tissue of Foxp3^Cre and Bach2^fl/flFoxp3^Cre mice (left). Frequencies of KLRG1-expressing Treg cells in indicated organs from Bach2^fl/flFoxp3^Cre mice and controls (right). Flow cytometry plots and data in (a, b, and d) are representative of 2–3 independent experiments with at least 6 mice. Data in c and g are pooled from two independent experiments. Statistical significance was tested using the unpaired Student’s t-test. Error bars denote mean ±S.D.; ns – not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.