Fig. 4: JMAK Kinetics and schematic illustration of the proposed crystallization model of Fe3O4.

a Timeline of the entire reaction, and JMAK kinetics. Phases at each time are indicated. Solid and dotted lines represent crystallization pathways 1 and 2, respectively. b–d Fitting results of JMAK model of Fe3O4 mesocrystals grown via pathway 1 of S1 (b), pathway 2 of S1 (c), and pathway 2 of S2 (d). Transformation time (ttrans) = 0 is defined as the starting point of each process. Red and green lines indicate the crystallization pathway 1 and 2, respectively.