Fig. 1: Characterization of the inflammatory niche and immune cell infiltrate at the site of the extremity injury reveals a role for monocytes and macrophages in the initial phases of the pathogenesis of HO.
From: Regulation of heterotopic ossification by monocytes in a mouse model of aberrant wound healing
a–c Injury site homogenates harvested from burn/tenotomy mice on day 0, 3, and 7 post burn/tenotomy. a Monocyte/Macrophage associated factors. b Monocyte/Macrophage and neutrophil maturation factors. c Cytokines stimulated by monocyte factors. d TGF family members. e Stem cell maintaining factors. Levels of cytokines and chemokines in pg/ug of total protein, data represented as the median with interquartile range. Changes in cytokines and chemokines across day 3 and day 7 vs. day 0 were analyzed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Dunnett test (n = 3 mice/time point) significance. Non-heteroscedastic data identified by Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances were alternatively analyzed by Welch statistic and post-hoc Dunnett T3. Degrees of freedom (df or df1) across samples = 2. F statistic and significant post-hoc p-values respectively: CXCL1: 30.359, p(D0 vs. D7) = 0.036, CXCL2: 8.504, CCL2: 268.773, p(D0 vs. D3) = 0.000, p(D0 vs. D7) = 0.000, CCL3: 16.430, CCL4: 22.441, p(D0 vs. D3) = 0.014, G-CSF: 12.579, GM-CSF: 4.988, IL-1b: 3.486, IL-6: 13.019, TNF-α: 38.435, p(D0 vs. D7) = 0.019, TGF-β1: 9.156, TGF-β2: 11.376, TGF-β3: 7.362, CCL5: 0.825, CXCL5: 0.825, LIF: 25.368, p(D0 vs. D3) = 0.001, p(D0 vs. D7) = 0.002 *p < .05 **p < .01. f t-SNE dimensionality reduction analysis of single cell sequencing from day 3 cells harvested at the extremity injury site revealed 14 distinct cell clusters (representative, performed in triplicate). g, h Feature plots displaying the single cell gene expression of g monocyte/macrophage cytokines and chemokines increased in the homogenates and h their receptors. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
