Table 1 Drug usage per cohort. Number and percentage of drug users in each cohort.
From: Impact of commonly used drugs on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota
Drugs | LifeLinesDEEP (n = 1124) | 1000 IBD (n = 454) | MIBS (n = 305) |
|---|---|---|---|
ACE inhibitors | 44 (4%) | 24 (5%) | 7 (2%) |
Alpha blockers | 10 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 7 (2%) |
AngII receptor antagonist | 33 (3%) | 10 (3%) | 17 (6%) |
Anti-androgen oral contraceptive | 14 (1%) | 2 (0%) | 6 (2%) |
Anti-epileptics | 5 (0%) | 5 (1%) | 7 (2%) |
Antihistamine | 69 (6%) | 15 (4%) | 14 (5%) |
Anti-TNFα | 1 (0%) | 119 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
Antibiotics merged | 13 (1%) | 12 (3%) | 7 (3%) |
Benzodiazepine derivatives related | 25 (2%) | 16 (4%) | 13 (5%) |
Beta blockers | 61 (5%) | 34 (8%) | 23 (8%) |
Beta sympathomimetic inhaler | 64 (6%) | 16 (4%) | 16 (6%) |
Bisphosphonates | 10 (1%) | 13 (3%) | 4 (1%) |
Ca-channel blocker | 21 (2%) | 10 (2%) | 14 (5%) |
Calcium | 14 (1%) | 76 (17%) | 8 (3%) |
Iron preparations | 7 (1%) | 15 (3%) | 1 (0%) |
Folic acid | 7 (1%) | 31 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
Insulin | 4 (0%) | 11 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
IUD that includes hormones | 60 (5%) | 5 (1%) | 1 (0%) |
K-saving diuretic | 7 (1%) | 9 (2%) | 1 (0%) |
Laxatives | 21 (2%) | 30 (7%) | 27 (9%) |
Levothyroxine | 26 (2%) | 10 (2%) | 5 (2%) |
Melatonin | 6 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 1 (0%) |
Mesalazines | 2 (0%) | 162 (36%) | 2 (1%) |
Metformin | 15 (1%) | 7 (2%) | 6 (2%) |
Methylphenidate | 6 (1%) | 5 (1%) | 1 (0%) |
NSAID | 42 (4%) | 21 (5%) | 22 (7%) |
Opiate | 13 (1%) | 22 (5%) | 7 (2%) |
Oral anti-diabetics | 8 (1%) | 8 (2%) | 4 (1%) |
Oral contraceptive | 113 (10%) | 55 (12%) | 32 (11%) |
Oral steroid | 5 (0%) | 79 (17%) | 4 (1%) |
Other antidepressant | 9 (1%) | 10 (2%) | 3 (1%) |
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) | 11 (1%) | 42 (9%) | 42 (14%) |
Platelet aggregation inhibitor | 32 (3%) | 27 (6%) | 18 (6%) |
PPI | 93 (8%) | 108 (24%) | 48 (16%) |
SSRI antidepressant | 28 (2%) | 10 (2%) | 30 (10%) |
Statin | 55 (5%) | 28 (6%) | 26 (9%) |
Steroid inhaler | 57 (5%) | 17 (4%) | 17 (6%) |
Steroid nose spray | 55 (5%) | 6 (1%) | 7 (2%) |
Thiazide diuretic | 43 (4%) | 17 (4%) | 17 (6%) |
Thiopurines | 0 (0%) | 151 (33%) | 0 (0%) |
Tricyclic antidepressant | 10 (1%) | 16 (4%) | 2 (1%) |
Triptans | 20 (2%) | 5 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
Vitamin D | 14 (1%) | 70 (15%) | 3 (1%) |
Vitamin K antagonist | 5 (0%) | 7 (2%) | 6 (2%) |
