Fig. 6: The Schematic displaying the spreading pattern of pα-Syn in autonomic nervous system. | Nature Communications

Fig. 6: The Schematic displaying the spreading pattern of pα-Syn in autonomic nervous system.

From: Autonomic ganglionic injection of α-synuclein fibrils as a model of pure autonomic failure α-synucleinopathy

Fig. 6

α-Syn pathology transmits in multiple regions in central and peripheral nervous system including the gray matter of the spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, myocardium, blood vessel, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, following inoculation in stellate ganglia and celiac ganglia. α-Syn: α-synuclein; PAF: pure autonomic failure; PFFs: preformed fibrils; CNS: central nervous system; PD: Parkinson’s disease; DLB: dementia with Lewy bodies; MSA: multiple system atrophy; RN: raphe nucleus; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IF: immunofluorescence; mpi: months post-injection; Arc: arcuate hypothalamic nucleus; PAG: periaqueductal gray; Sol: nucleus of the solitary tract; Ob: olfactory bulb; TH: Tyrosine hydroxylase; TPH: tryptophan hydroxylase; ChAT: choline acetyltransferase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; MAP-2: Microtubule-associated protein-2; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; MBP: myelin basic protein; Ub: ubiquitin; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; wpi: weeks post-injection; PANS: peripheral autonomic nervous system; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; SGs: sweat glands; SD: standard deviation; 3Sp: lamina 3 of the spinal gray; 4Sp: lamina 4 of the spinal gray; 5SpL: lamina V of the spinal gray, lateral part; 5SpM: lamina V of the spinal gray, medial part; 7Sp: lamina VII of the spinal gray; 8Sp: lamina VIII of the spinal gray; 10N: dorsal motor nucleus of vagus 10Sp: lamina X of the spinal gray; Amb: ambiguus nucleus; APTD: anterior pretectal nucleus, dorsal part; ArcLP: arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, lateroposterior part; ArcMP: arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, medial posterior part; ATg: anterior tegmental nucleus; Ax9: axial muscle motoneurons of lamina 9; Bar: Barrington’s nucleus; CGA: central gray, alpha part; CI: caudal interstitial nucleus of the medial; CGPn: central gray of the pons; DLG: dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; DLPAG: dorsolateral periaqueductal gray; DMPAG: dorsomedial periaqueductal gray; DMPn: dorsomedial pontine nucleus; DMSp5: dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus; DMTg: dorsomedial tegmental area; DRD: dorsal raphe nucleus, dorsal part; DRV: dorsal raphe nucleus, ventral part; DRVL: dorsal raphe nucleus, ventrolateral part; DTgC: dorsal tegmental nucleus, central part; DTgP: dorsal tegmental nucleus, pericentral part; Gi: gigantocellular reticular nucleus; GiA: gigantocellular reticular nucleus, alpha part; ICL: intergeniculate leaf; ICo9: intercostal muscle motoneurons of lamina 9; IML: intermediolateral column; IRt: intermediate reticular nucleus; LC: locus coeruleus; LDCom: lumbar dorsal commissural nucleus; LDTg: laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; lfp: longitudinal fasciculus of the pons; LPAG: lateral periaqueductal gray; LPGi: lateral paragigantocellular nucleus; LPMC: lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, mediocaudal part; LPMR: lateral posterior thalamic nucleus, mediorostral part; LSp: lateral spinal nucleus; ml: medial lemniscus; mlf: medial longitudinal fasciculus; MnR: median raphe nucleus; O: nucleus O; PCRt: parvicellular reticular nucleus; PCRtA: parvicellular reticular nucleus, alpha part; PF: parafascicular thalamic nucleus; PMD: premammillary nucleus, dorsal part; PMnR: paramedian raphe nucleus; PMV: premammillary nucleus, ventral part; Pn: pontine nuclei; PnC: pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part; PnO: pontine reticular nucleus, oral part; Po: posterior thalamic nuclear group; PR: prerubral field; Pr5DM: principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, dorsomedial part; Pr5VL: principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, ventrolateral part; PSTh: parasubthalamic nucleus; py: pyramidal tract; Rbd: rhabdoid nucleus; RC: raphe cap; RMg: raphe magnus nucleus; RtTgP: reticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, pericentral part; RVL: rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus; SGl: superficial glial zone of the cochlear nuclei; SolDM: nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsomedial part; SolIM: nucleus of the solitary tract, intermediate part; SolM: nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part; SolV: solitary nucleus, ventral part; SolVL: nucleus of the solitary tract,ventrolateral part; Sp5I: spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolar part; Sph: sphenoid nucleus; ThAb9: thoracoabdominal wall muscle motoneurons of lamina 9; ts: tectospinal tract; Tz: nucleus of the trapezoid body; VCA: ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part; VLPAG: ventrolateral periaqueductal gray; xscp: decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle.

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