Fig. 5: cf-mRNA captures the transcriptional activity of hematopoietic lineages upon stimulation.

a Blood was obtained from nine patients before (day 0) and after being treated with a single EPO dose (see Methods). Gene expression patterns in plasma cf-mRNA were analyzed using RNA-Seq. Day 0 (before EPO treatment) was used as reference for each patient, and changes in the levels of erythrocyte-specific transcripts after EPO treatment calculated. Average fold change of erythrocyte transcripts in all n = 9 patients subjected to EPO treatment (red) and n = 3 untreated controls (blue) are shown. Error bars represent standard error (SE). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. b Time-course analysis of erythrocyte transcripts over a 30 day period in EPO-treated patients (red). Each line represents a patient, and shows average fold change of erythrocyte transcripts over time after a single EPO dosing administered at day 0, which is used as reference. Blue lines show fluctuations of the same transcripts in untreated healthy controls. c Blood was obtained from three healthy patients treated with G-CSF (before treatment (day 0), and 1, 4 and 10 days after treatment). Changes in circulating transcriptome were analyzed by cf-mRNA sequencing. Relative changes of immature (red) and mature (blue) neutrophil-specific transcripts throughout the study are shown for a representative patient treated with G-CSF. Dashed red and blue lines indicate the average for each group of transcripts. Relative changes in neutrophil counts are shown in black. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. d Time course of indicated G-CSF-responsive genes measured by cf-mRNA-Seq. Plots show fold change over time relative to day 0. Time points are connected by lines, each line represent a patient.