Fig. 2: Hominin-specific gains are oligodendrocyte-specific.

a Bar plot showing cell-type-specific ATAC peaks in hominin-specific gains in PFC and CB and stable GREs. Difference in oligodendrocyte-specific open chromatin frequency was calculated using a Fisher’s exact test. b Heatmap showing H3K27ac enrichment for 685 scaled hominin-specific PFC gains, analyzed in different cell types as indicated. Heatmap colors indicate H3K27ac enrichment (rpm). c Metaplot analysis showing the average H3K27ac enrichment profile in different cell types for hominin-specific PFC gains, stable and all GREs. d Box plot showing normalized ATAC signal for hominin-specific gains and stable GREs in nuclei FANS sorted for NeuN. Dissimilarities between distributions were calculated using a Student’s t test. e Box plots showing normalized H3K27ac enrichment for hominin-specific gains and stable GREs in prefrontal cortex in both human and rhesus macaque. Dissimilarities between distributions were calculated using a Student’s t test. f Box plots showing normalized H3K27ac enrichment for hominin-specific PFC gains in white matter tissue per species. Dissimilarity between distributions was calculated using a Student’s t test. g Box plots as in (f) but for normalized H3K27ac enrichment on hominin-specific CB gains. Bottom and top of all box plots are the first and third quartile. The line within the boxes represents the median and whiskers denote interval within 1.5× the interquartile range from the median, outlier are depicted as points. Source data are provided in Source Data file.