Fig. 2: Candidate genes associated with the longitudinal axis of the human hippocampus.

a Enriched Gene Ontology terms (Q < 0.1) associated with Gene Set 1. Circle size indicates enrichment, whereas color indicates Q value (lighter = lower Q value). b Matrix showing gene expression for probes in Gene Set 1 (y-axis) across each hippocampal sample, ordered most posterior to most anterior (x-axis). Values were smoothed with a 3 mm gaussian kernel across the x-dimension only and then clustered so that anterior–posterior patterns can be clearly visualized. c Relative proportion of features belonging to each expression pattern cluster, for each Gene Set. d Each subpanel represents an expression pattern cluster, and the subpanel heading includes the number of probes from Set 1 assigned to that cluster. For each cluster, the posterior-anterior normalized expression pattern is shown for each Gene Set 1 feature belonging to that cluster (gray), the mean of Set 1 features belonging to that cluster (black dashed), and the mean of features across all sets belonging to that cluster (colored). e Average absolute local feature importances (and by extension, model contribution) of probes in Gene Set 1 measured using a Random Forest-based feature explainer across all samples. Error bars = standard error of mean. f Surface rendering of the expression patterns of each of the five genes identified as locally important features to predicting position along the longitudinal axis.