Fig. 1: Electric-field control of structural transition.
From: Emergent electric field control of phase transformation in oxide superlattices
a Schematic of ionic liquid gating (ILG) that induces the ion transfer between oxides and ionic liquid. Four types of oxides were studied, i.e. manganate (La1-xSrxMnO3) and iridate (SrIrO3) films, solid solution (Sr(Mn0.5Ir0.5)O3) films and superlattices ([(La0.2Sr0.8MnO3)m(SrIrO3)m]n) on SrTiO3 substrates. b Modulation of out-of-plane lattice constant (∆c/c) during voltage cycling (with incremental positive voltages to +2.5 V and −3.0 V) for different samples (SS refers to Sr(Mn0.5Ir0.5)O3 and SL refers to [(La0.2Sr0.8MnO3)1(SrIrO3)1]20). The lattice constant was extracted from in situ measurements of the (002) peak position. The end of the curves for all samples except the superlattice corresponds to phase decomposition above certain voltages. c In situ X-ray diffraction results of the superlattices around the (002) peak during ILG in repeated voltage cycling (sequence of +2.5 V, −3.0 V, +2.5 V, −3.0 V), showing a reversible electric-field-controlled transformation between two phases of the superlattices. d Full-range X-ray diffraction of a superlattice in as-grown pristine state, positively gated state and reversibly gated state. e Schematic of the reversible phase transformation mediated by dual-ion (both H+ and O2−) transfer.
