Fig. 4: Juvenile social isolation alters adult dmPFC-PVI activity during reciprocal social interaction.

a Timeline showing weaning at p21, and subsequent 2 weeks of juvenile social isolation (jSI), followed by injection of GCaMP6f in the dmPFC of PV-Cre jSI mice at p42, and subsequent reciprocal interaction behavioral testing paradigm for fiber photometry imaging. b Transition matrices between specific behaviors reveal significant differences between the joint-distribution matrix between jSI and GH mice (p < 0.05), suggesting distinct sequences of behaviors between two groups. c Behavior categories during photometry imaging show decreased active exploration in jSI vs. GH mice (two-way mixed model ANOVA, effect of housing, F(1,15) = 1.42, p = 0.25, housing x behavior interaction, F(2,15) = 9.57, p = 0.03, Bonferroni post hoc tests, active behavior *p < 0.05, passive, Orient, p > 0.05, n = 8 mice jSI, n = 9 mice GH). d Mean and SEM smoothed signal for the first active and passive bout in jSI mice (red) and GH (gray: from Fig. 1). e jSI mice do not show increased pre-active GCamp6f signal in dmPFC-PVIs (left) (baseline vs. pre, Tukey post hoc test p > 0.05), however, dmPFC-PVIs do respond during the first passive encounter, with a significant increase in activity (pre vs. post, Tukey post hoc test, **p < 0.001). f Change in z-score from baseline in the first active encounter shows a significant difference from zero only in GH mice during the pre-active time bin. Change in z-score from baseline in the first passive encounter shows a significant difference from zero only in the post-passive time bin. (Wilcoxon signed -rank test, active (left): GH pre, *p = 0.03, passive (right): *p = 0.02, n = 9 GH mice, n = 7 jSI mice). All error bars reflect + /− SEM. See related Supplementary Figs. 7–14. Source data are available as a Source Data file.