Fig. 4: Direct observation of switchover from partial dislocation to GB mediated plasticity.

a HRTEM image taken when the loading is initially on the twinned grain, an 8-atomic-layer twin/matrix with atomically flat TBs can be clearly seen. b With continued loading, a step resulted from partial dislocation in a TB (as marked). c With further straining, two steps resulting from partial dislocation in a TB with different positions can be seen. d–g Four HRTEM images captured during continuous tensile loading. The ∼4 × 6 nm sized grain shrinks into an ∼3 × 4.5 nm sized grain that results from GB migration. The scale bars are for 2 nm.