Fig. 6: Typical strain mapping of twin-structural grains.

a, b Two HRTEM images of the twin-structured grains. c The strain mapping corresponds to a. d The strain mapping that corresponds to the framed region of b. As seen from the figures, the strain concentration can be observed both at the conventional GB and GB-TB intersections. e Quantitative strains extracted along the red line region of (c) by using intensity line scanning from top to bottom along the GB; the zero point is denoted by “Ref”. f Quantitative strains extracted along the red line region of (d) using intensity line scanning from top to bottom along the GB; the zero point is denoted by “Ref”. The scale bars are for 2 nm.