Fig. 1: Identification of AGPG as a metabolism-related lncRNA.

a Experimental scheme for identifying lncRNAs potentially involved in both cell viability and glucose metabolism. b Eight lncRNAs regulated both cell proliferation and lactate production in KYSE30 cells, n = 3 biologically independent samples. c qPCR detection of AGPG expression in multiple ESCC cells (n = 10 cells) and in normal esophageal epithelial cell lines (n = 2 cells). d Determination of AGPG copy number, n = 3 biologically independent samples. e Overall survival analysis based on AGPG levels in ESCC (TCGA, n = 161, log-rank test, two-sided). f Overall survival analysis based on AGPG levels in ESCC detected by qPCR (SYSUCC, n = 122, log-rank test, two-sided). g qPCR detection of AGPG expression in ESCC (training set n = 15, validation set n = 59, 127, respectively), GC (n = 46), CRC (n = 34) and normal tissues. h RNAScope ISH detection of AGPG expression in ESCC, GC, CRC, and matched normal tissues. Scale bar: 20 μm. i RNAScope ISH detection and statistical analysis of AGPG expression in ESCC, GC, CRC, and matched normal tissues. Data are presented as mean±S.D., n = 24 cases per tissue type, the p value was determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. j qPCR detection of AGPG expression in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. k RNAScope ISH detection of AGPG subcellular localization. Scale bar: 5 μm. l Subcellular localization of AGPG detected by FISH. Scale bar: 5 μm. Data in b–d, g, i are representative of three independent experiments and presented as mean±S.D., the P value was determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test.