Fig. 6: Results of reciprocal transplant experiment between the low elevation Wulai and high elevation Mt. Hehuan populations in winter and summer.

Breeding likelihood and breeding success of the Mt. Hehuan and Wulai populations in summer in Wulai a, b (burial rate: χ²1 = 4.60, p = 0.03, n = 120, breeding success: χ²1 = 1.13, p = 0.29, n = 120; post hoc comparison: burial rate: z = 2.202, P = 0.028, breeding success: z = −0.955, P = 0.34), and Mt. Hehuan c, d (burial rate: χ²1 = 12.96, p < 0.001, n = 93; breeding success: χ²1 = 8.60, p = 0.003, n = 93; post hoc comparison: burial rate: z = 4.185, P < 0.0001, breeding success: z = 3.012, P = 0.026), and in winter in Wulai e, f (burial rate: χ²1 = 0.26, p = 0.61, n = 78; breeding success: χ²1 = 1.90, p = 0.17, n = 78), and Mt. Hehuan g, h (burial rate: χ²1 = 2.45, p = 0.12, n = 83; breeding success: χ²1 = 3.88, p = 0.05, n = 83; post hoc comparison: burial rate: z = −1.969, P = 0.049). All the analyses were conducted by GLMM, and the p values were obtained from the two-sided tests. The standard error was presented as the error bar; p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.