Fig. 1: Melanoma tumor burden in the lungs of female and castrated male mice is higher than in sham male mice in experimental metastatic models.

Representative images of lungs (a) and numbers of tumor colonies (b) in the lungs of male and female C57Bl/6 mice following a B16 tail-vein injection (n = 13 per group). Representative images of lungs (c) and numbers of tumor colonies (d) in the lungs of B16-injected males, sham females, and females following ovariectomy (n = 5 per group). Representative images of lungs (e) and numbers of tumor colonies (f) in the lungs of B16-injected sham males, castrated males, and female mice (n = 6 per group). g Survival curve following tail-vein injection with B16 melanoma cells (n = 9 male+sham and male+castration; n = 10 female). Representative images of lungs (h) and tumor colonies numbers (i) in YUMM1.7 injected sham males, castrated males, and female mice (n = 10 per group). j Survival curves following tail-vein injections of YUMM1.7 melanoma cells (n = 10 male+sham and male+castration; n = 9 female). Data in b, d, f, and i are mean ± s.e.m. by two-tailed unpaired t test (a) and 1-way ANOVA ith Bonferoni post-tests analysis (d, f, and i). Survival curve analysis (g, j) was performed using the two-sided Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Data in a–b and e–f are representative of at least 3 independent experiments; data in c–d and h–j are representative of 2 independent experiments. The scale bar represents 0.5 cm for images of lung.