Fig. 5: Electrochemical performance of zinc-ion full batteries.

a Typical CV curves for Zn88Al12/KxMnO2 and Zn/KxMnO2 batteries, which are constructed with the KxMnO2 nanofibers as the cathode and the eutectic Zn88Al12 alloy (λ = ∼450 nm) or the monometallic Zn as the anode, in the O2-absent ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte. Scan rate: 0.3 mV s−1. b Specific capacities for Zn88Al12/KxMnO2 and Zn/KxMnO2 batteries at various scan rates. c EIS spectra of Zn88Al12/KxMnO2 and Zn/KxMnO2 batteries and their corresponding RCT values (inset) in the O2-absent ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte. d Typical voltage profiles of Zn88Al12/KxMnO2 and Zn/KxMnO2 batteries at the charge/discharge current density of 0.3 A g−1. e Comparison for rate capabilities of Zn88Al12/KxMnO2 and Zn/KxMnO2 batteries at various rates from 1 to 5 C. f Capacity retention and coulombic efficiency of the Zn88Al12/KxMnO2 battery in a long-term cycling test at 0.5 A g−1, comparing with those of the Zn/KxMnO2 battery.