Fig. 1: Glycolysis protects Salmonella against oxidative stress engendered by NOX2.

a Tn5 mutants differentially selected after 2 h of treatment with 2.5 mM H₂O₂, compared to untreated controls aerobically grown in MOPS-glucose. The specimens in these experiments were treated at OD₆₀₀ of 0.6 and a concentration of 7-8 × 10⁸ CFU/ml. N = 5. b Survival of 2 × 10⁵ CFU of Salmonella after 2 h of 400 μM H₂O₂ treatment in MOPS-glucose media. The ΔgpmA mutant was complemented with wild-type (gmpAc) or catalytically inactive (R10A H11A) gpmA alleles. Mean ± SD; N = 9. c Wild-type and ΔgpmA Salmonella were grown to O.D₆₀₀ 0.4 in MOPS media supplemented with glucose (GLC), pyruvate (PYR), acetate (ACE), succinate (SUC), fumarate (FUM) or malate (MAL). Where indicated, the specimens were treated for 2 h with 400 μM H₂O₂. Mean ± SD; N = 6. d C57BL/6 and congenic nox2^−/− mice were inoculated i.p. with ~200 CFU of the indicated Salmonella strains. Mean ± SD; N = 10 except 9 for nox2^−/− mice infected with wild-type Salmonella. e Killing of Salmonella 2 h after treatment with increasing concentrations of H₂O₂. Where indicated, the bacteria were grown anaerobically for 24 h before challenge with H₂O₂. Mean ± SD; N = 5 for aerobic cultures, N = 6 for anaerobic cultures. f Effect of 50 mM sodium nitrate on the susceptibility of anaerobic Salmonella exposed to 400 μM H₂O₂ in MOPS-glucose media for 2 h. Mean ± SD; N = 27. The data were analyzed by one-way (b) or two-way (c, f) ANOVA, log-rank Mantel-Cox test (df = 2) (d) or paired, one tail t-test (e). *, **, ***, ****p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, respectively. All measurements were taken from distinct samples. Source data are included in Source Data file.