Fig. 6: Normalized bias of surface pH anomaly forecasts.
From: Skillful multiyear predictions of ocean acidification in the California Current System
a–e Normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) of Community Earth System Model Decadal Prediction Large Ensemble (CESM-DPLE) initialized forecasts of detrended annual surface pH anomalies for lead years one through five relative to the observational product over 1990–2005. f–j NMAE of a persistence forecast for the observations for lead years one through five. Purple colors (values below one) indicate that the forecast error is smaller than the interannual variability of observations; orange colors (values above one) indicate that the forecast error is larger than the interannual variability of observations. k–o Difference between the CESM-DPLE forecast and observational persistence NMAEs. Green colors indicate that the initialized forecasts have lower error than the persistence forecast.
