Fig. 1: Map and schematic of ice-rich permafrost landscapes.
From: Fast response of cold ice-rich permafrost in northeast Siberia to a warming climate
a Map showing the extent of ice-rich lowlands and mean annual ground temperatures30 in northeast Siberia. See Supplementary Fig. 2 for an enlarged map of the study region. b Climate-driven landscape evolution during the last glacial period and the Holocene has led to diverse types of ice-rich permafrost landscapes. At present, ice wedges are the most common form of excess ground ice, but there is large variability in the volume and thickness of wedge ice. We assumed ice wedges to increase in lateral size and depth from drained lake basins (LB), over Holocene deposits (HD), to undisturbed Yedoma deposits (YD). While LB and HD feature active ice-wedge polygons with a patterned surface microtopography, YD host relict ice-wedge polygons which are covered by younger deposits. Note that we excluded from our analysis old thermokarst lakes and large water bodies already existing in the study region. See Supplementary Fig. 1 for an extended version of the schematic.
