Fig. 5: Therapeutic effect in resectable and unresectable tumor models.

a Different tumor models established in this study for evaluating the anticancer effect of siRNA2@HPVP treatment. b In vivo bioluminescence images to track the recurrence and metastasis of 4T1 tumors after the resection of the primary tumor. The resection operation was conducted 15 days after different treatments. Three representative images of five biological replicates are shown. c The data of the lesion condition in the resectable murine breast tumor model after the resection of primary tumor. s@H represents siRNA2@HPVP. d The proportion of T_EM cells (CD8⁺CD44⁺CD62L⁻) in spleen tissues 40 days after different treatments. The primary tumor was removed by surgery at day 15. Three biological replicates are shown. e In vivo bioluminescence images to exhibit the anti-metastasis effect of various treatments. The metastatic breast tumor model was constructed by intravenously injecting BABL/C mice with 4T1^luc cells. The treatments were carried out 24 h after the tumor cells injection. Three representative images of five biological replicates are shown. f, g H&E staining and quantitative counting of metastatic nodes in lung tissues 21 days after the i.v. injection of 4T1 cells (Scale bar: 5 mm). Five images per group were taken. h In vivo bioluminescence images of orthotopic breast tumor-bearing mice after different treatments. In this assay, aPDL1 treatment as a clinical treatment for the unresectable tumor was also conducted. Three representative images of six biological replicates are shown. i Representative μ-CT images for the visualization of bone metastasis of orthotopic breast tumor after various treatments. Sites of osteolysis are circled. j Survival curve of orthotopic breast tumor-bearing mice with various treatments. Six biological replicates are shown. Statistical significance was calculated via one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test (d, f) and Logrank test (two-sided) for trend (j). Data are presented as mean values ± SD.