Table 1 Clinical and metabolic characteristics of normal cycle and PCOS women.
From: Apolipoprotein J is a hepatokine regulating muscle glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity
Normal cycle (n = 7) | PCOS-placebo (n = 9) | PCOS-pioglitazone (n = 11) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretreatment | Posttreatment | Change from pretreatment | Pretreatment | Posttreatment | Change from pretreatment | ||
Age, years | 33.4 ± 2.3 | 27.5 ± 0.9* | – | – | 27.5 ± 1.3* | – | – |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 35.3 ± 2.5 | 34.8 ± 2.2 | 36.7 ± 2.4 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 38.2 ± 1.8 | 38.9 ± 2.0† | 0.7 ± 0.6‡ |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 99.3 ± 2.6 | 91.9 ± 1.3* | 92.0 ± 2.2 | 0.2 ± 2.4 | 96.1 ± 3.2 | 89.6 ± 2.1 | −6.5 ± 2.9 |
Fasting insulin, IU/L | 14.3 ± 2.4 | 26.6 ± 2.7** | 27.7 ± 3.0 | 1.3 ± 1.6 | 36.3 ± 4.7** | 24.2 ± 4.2 | −12.2 ± 3.7‡ |
HOMA2-IR | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3* | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.5** | 2.8 ± 0.5 | −1.6 ± 0.3# |
HOMA-β, % | 116.4 ± 10.8 | 203.4 ± 16.1** | 210.0 ± 16.5 | 6.6 ± 12.5 | 240.4 ± 19.9** | 190.5 ± 17.6 | −49.9 ± 22.9 |
GDR, mg/kg/min | 8.6 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 0.9 | −0.5 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5** | 6.5 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3# |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 107.7 ± 16.9 | 116.4 ± 6.7 | 113.0 ± 10.2 | −3.4 ± 6.2 | 109.4 ± 6.9 | 110.9 ± 8.0 | 1.4 ± 8.5 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 40.5 ± 1.9 | 44.8 ± 3.5 | 39.0 ± 2.2 | −5.8 ± 4.1 | 39.2 ± 2.9 | 41.7 ± 2.9 | 2.5 ± 3.0 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 122.2 ± 16.8 | 102.1 ± 13.6 | 81.0 ± 11.6 | −21.1 ± 14.2 | 148.0 ± 13.9§ | 126.7 ± 21.2 | −21.3 ± 20.0 |
FFA, mmol/L | – | 1.17 ± 0.11 | 1.06 ± 0.09 | −0.11 ± 0.19 | 1.15 ± 0.07 | 1.05 ± 0.10 | −0.10 ± 0.08 |
Adiponectin, µg/mL | 17.7 ± 1.9 | 9.6 ± 1.5** | 11.4 ± 1.9 | 1.7 ± 2.7 | 9.1 ± 1.4** | 19.2 ± 2.3 | 10.1 ± 1.8# |
