Fig. 4: Less expressed and often non-essential young genes adapt more rapidly than ancient genes.
From: Stress-induced expression is enriched for evolutionarily young genes in diverse budding yeasts
a Standard growth condition RNAseq reads were normalized to the read depth and gene length to generate Transcripts per Million (TPM). Error bars at the 95% confidence interval of the median. b The percentage of mRNAs measured compared to proteins measured via mass spectrometry by quantifying eXtracted Ion Chromatograms. c The percentage of essential genes (black) and non-essential genes associated with slow growth (gray) is shown for S. cerevisiae ancient genes (I) and young genes (IV and V). Essential and slow growth ORFs were obtained from Giaever 200220. d The percentage of amino acid identity changes for each protein in comparison to its closest homolog from a member of the same genus. Results were adjusted to the percent amino acid change per million years (% Intentity (ID) lost/MYear) using the estimated divergence time between pairs of organisms13. The median and 95% confidence interval is shown. Queries were performed between S. cerevisiae/S. eubayanus, K. marxianus/K. lactis, or Y. lipolytica/Y. bubula. E. A model for evolution to intermittent stress where random mutations occur amongst all genes (magenta arrows) followed by non-stress selection for benign mutants (magenta blocked arrow). Mutants that do not influence growth are selected upon stress exposure for fitness benefits. Source data underlying Fig. 4a, c, and d are provided as a source data file.
