Fig. 3: Gibbs energy profile for catalytic cascade reaction 2 with 3a to 4a as example.

The discovery of carbene–Rh-dimer complex formation via ISC process in CAM process. Calculations at SMD(DCM)-M06L/6-311G(d,p)&SDD//PBE/6-31G(d)&SDD level). MECP minimum energy-crossing point.