Fig. 4: The fundamental understanding of the high selectivity to methanol.

a Adsorption energies and the most stable configurations of CO2 and CH3OH on CN and H2O on mCD. b Schematic diagram of photocatalytic CO2 reduction by the mCD/CN and sCD/CN. The band bending between catalysts and water/CO2 is not drawn. c The CH3OH oxidation test on CN and mCD/CN under visible light. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.