Fig. 3: Prediction of IRL thicknesses.

Temperature and time-dependent IRL thickness (x) of Nb joint (a) and Zr joint (b). Yellow point: experimental data; blue surface: fitting of experimental data; and gray surface: critical thickness (x_1/2). The IRL growth is dominated by chemical reaction when x < x_1/2, and by element diffusion when x > x_1/2.