Fig. 4: dRNAs can be combined with other approaches for improving Cas9 specificity.

Indel frequencies and specificity ratios 24 h after transfection with a plasmids encoding WT Cas9, a dRNA targeting VEGFA sgRNA3 OT2 (dRNA2) and a truncated guide VEGFA tru-sgRNA3, or b High-specificity variants of Cas9 and a dRNA targeting FANCF-sgRNA2 OT1 (dRNA1). Wild-type Cas9 (WT), eSpCas9 (E), SpCas9-HF1 (HF1), HypaCas9 (Hypa). Means of n = 3 cell culture replicates depicted by solid lines. OT off-target. Source data are available in the Source Data file.