Fig. 1: Dielectrophoretic and AC electro-osmotic characterization on VNE.
a Conceptual illustration of capture and relocation of NPs toward the center (left) and edge of VNE (middle) and their release (right). b, c Schematic of the VNE (b) and HNE (c). d, e Calculated distribution of ∇E2 on VNE (d) and HNE (e) with a gap distance of d = 100 nm under Vpp = 1 V (h0 = 10 μm). f, g Calculated ∇E2|max on VNE (red square) and HNE (blue circle) as a function of V2pp (f), and its corresponding α as a function of d (g). h, i Calculated distribution of ACEO flow on VNE (h) and HNE (i) with a gap distance of d = 100 nm under Vpp = 1 V and f = 1 kHz. j–l Calculated uslip distribution at the electrode surfaces of VNE (d = 100 nm) as a function of f (j, Vpp = 1 V) with the schematic of uslip (inset in j) and 3D illustrations of uslip on electrode 1 (k, top electrode) and 2 (l, bottom electrode).
