Fig. 2: XPS characterization and DFT simulation.

a High-resolution Co 2p (top) and Mo 3d (bottom) XPS spectra of nanoporous Co3Mo/Cu electrode. b Free-energy diagram for hydrogen (H*) adsorption on 1/2 ML HO*-adsorbed Co3Mo surface and pure Cu, Co, Mo, and Co3Mo surfaces. c Partial density of states (PDOS) of Co, Mo in Co3Mo and Co, Mo, HO in the 1/2 ML HO*-adsorbed Co3Mo. d, e Schematic structures of Co3Mo with/without the 1/2 ML HO* adsorption.