Fig. 1: Chronic circadian disruption slightly enhances tumour burden.

a Experimental timeline for evaluation of the effect of chronic jet lag on spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis in B6*FVB PyMT mice. B: birth; IVIS: tumour growth monitoring using bioluminescence. Dashed lines highlight the start and end points of the experiment. b Representative actograms of LD and JL mice. LD: 12-h light and 12-h dark; JL: jet lag, represented by a shortening of the dark period by 8 h every second day. c Weight at sacrifice of mice in LD (n = 25) and JL (n = 21) conditions. Data are presented as a scatter dot plot with lines indicating the median with interquartile range (error bars). P-value calculated from an unpaired two-sided t-test. d Blood cell counts: total numbers of white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in LD (n = 16) and JL (n = 17) mice. LYM lymphocytes, MON monocytes, NEU neutrophils, HGB haemoglobin, HCT haematocrit, MCV mean corpuscular volume, MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin, RDW red cell distribution width. Data presented as box-and-whisker plots. Variability is shown using medians (line in the box), 25th and 75th percentiles (box), and min to max (whiskers). e Glucose (n = 8 LD and n = 9 JL), total cholesterol (n = 10 LD and n = 10 JL), triglyceride (n = 9 LD and n = 9 JL, p = 5.04882e−5), and free fatty acid (n = 9 LD and n = 9 JL) profiles of LD and JL mice. Data are presented as scatter dot plots with lines indicating the median with interquartile range (error bars). P-value calculated from an unpaired two-sided t-test. f Timelines of tumour growth in total flux [p s⁻¹] measured by in vivo bioluminescence imaging in LD (n = 6) or JL (n = 5) groups. Data are presented as a dot plot with dots indicating the median with interquartile range (error bars). g Tumour burden (tumour to body weight ratio) as % in LD (n = 25) or JL (n = 21) conditions. Data are presented as a scatter dot plot with lines indicating the median with interquartile range (error bars). P-value calculated from an unpaired two-sided t-test. Indicated (n) represent number of independent experiments as biological replicates.