Fig. 5: Mendelian randomisation estimates of protein level effects on CHD, with a grid of LD threshold.

Pairwise LD was accounted for using the 1000 genomes ‘EUR’ reference panel⁵² and a (GLS) generalised least squares method¹⁷ with or without Egger correction for possible horizontal pleiotropy. The number of included variants in the 1 mega base flanking region is depicted above the x-axis of the top panels. Estimates are given as OR with 95%CI (vertical error bars). The top panel depicts the variant to CHD or protein level effect for clumping threshold 0.5 for CETP (based on an Egger correct GLS model), and at 0.4 for PCSK9 using an IVW GLS model; 38 and 9 variants, respectively. Notice that the PCSK9 estimates were only available on the natural logarithmic scale.