Fig. 5: UIA gut microbiota contributes to the intracranial aneurysms.

a Representative images of intracranial aneurysms (left; arrows, aneurysms; scale bar, 1 mm) and cerebral arteries stained with hematoxylin-eosin (right; scale bar, 100 μm) in mice that received fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from UIA patients or controls, followed by aneurysm induction with angiotensin II and elastase. Independent experiments were repeated at least five times. b Incidence of unruptured and ruptured aneurysms 21 days after induction (n = 20). c Cumulative symptom-free curves for mice with aneurysms showing the time course of the onset of symptoms (n = 9 for control-FMT group, n = 17 for UIA-FMT group; log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test). d Venn diagram of the number of DEGs. Number in cyan circle, DEGs between the aneurysm induction group and the sham group after UIA-FMT. Number in pink circle, DEGs between the aneurysm induction group and the sham group after Control-FMT. e Right, heat maps of cluster analysis showing the transcript expression levels of DEGs in the cerebral vessels of the control-FMT and UIA-FMT groups on day 5 after aneurysm induction. The color scale illustrates the relative expression levels across all samples: orange, above the mean; blue, below the mean. Left, dendrogram showing the clustering of transcripts (n = 4 for sham groups, n = 5 for aneurysm induction groups). f Top terms showing enrichment based on −log₁₀ (q-value) from GO enrichment analysis (left) and KEGG pathway analysis (right) of the 1039 UIA-FMT-induced DEGs. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.