Table 2 Predictors of response selectivity in ToM and language brain regions.

From: Reduced neural selectivity for mental states in deaf children with delayed exposure to sign language

Brain regions

Predictor

Children (n = 24)

Adults (n = 36)

Full sample (n = 60)

ToM (RTPJ, DMPFC)

ASL onset

b = −0.34, t = −2.1, CI = [−0.65, −0.02], P = 0.049

b = −0.24, t = −1.2, CI = [−0.62, 0.14], P = 0.23

b = −0.30, t = −2.2, CI = [−0.57, −0.03], P = 0.03

 

Age

b = 0.31, t = 2.0, CI = [0.01, 0.62], P = 0.06

NA

b = 0.18, t = 0.85, CI = [−0.23, 0.59], P = 0.40

 

ROI

b = 0.02, t = 0.08, CI = [−0.52, 0.57], P = 0.94

b = −0.24, t = −1.0, CI = [−0.71, 0.23], P = 0.32

b = −0.15, t = −0.84, CI = [−0.51, 0.21], P = 0.40

 

Motion

b = 0.20, t = 1.3, CI = [−0.10, 0.51], P = 0.21

b = 0.22, t = 1.2, CI = [−0.16, 0.60], p = 0.26

b = 0.29, t = 2.1, CI = [0.02, 0.55], P = 0.04

Language (11 regions)

ASL onset

b = −0.08, t = −0.61, CI = [−0.33, 0.18], P = 0.55

b = −0.36, t = −2.7, CI = [−0.63, −0.10], P = 0.01

w/o LS: b = −0.16, t = −1.5, CI = [−0.40, 0.06], P = 0.15

b = −0.23, t = −2.4, CI = [−0.43, −0.04], P = 0.02

w/o LS: b = −0.11, t = −1.4, CI = [−0.26, 0.05], P = 0.17

 

Age

b = −0.09, t = −0.75, CI = [−0.34, 0.16], P = 0.46

NA

b = 0.10, t = 0.66, CI = [−0.20, 0.40], P = 0.51

 

ROIs

bs = [−1.3, 0.09], ts = [−6.3, 0.45], CI = [(−1.7, −0.3), (−0.90, 0.49)], ps = [1.4 × 10−9, 0.65]

bs = [−1, 0.72], ts = [−6, 4.1], CI = [(−1.4, 0.38),(−.71, 1.1)], ps = [5.4 × 10−9, 0.04]

bs = [−1.1, 0.44], ts = [−8.3, 3.3], CI = [(−1.4, 0.19), (−0.86, 0.71)], ps = [8.4 × 10−16, 0.002]

 

Motion

b = −0.04, t = −0.37, CI = [−0.29, 0.20], P = 0.72

b = 0.17, t = 1.2, CI = [−0.10, 0.43], P = 0.22

b = 0.07, t = 0.70, CI = [−0.12, 0.26], P = 0.48

  1. Statistical results for mixed effects regressions testing for fixed effects of ASL onset, age, region, and motion on response selectivity; subject identifier was included as a random effect given the inclusion of data from multiple regions in each regression. Left column indicates brain regions tested. The beta values, t-values, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values of each tested predictor are given per regression, tested in children (n = 24), adults (n = 36), and in the full sample (n = 60); note that the full sample results are not independent from the child-only and adult-only results. ASL onset is a continuous variable for the age of first exposure to ASL (0 for native signers). Age is a continuous variable in regressions within the child sample, and a factor (child vs. adult) within the full sample. ROI levels include RTPJ and DMPFC (ToM selectivity analysis) or eleven individual language ROIs (language selectivity analysis; results are summarized by indicating a range of values across the eleven ROIs). Motion refers to mean translation. Significant predictors are indicated in bold; no adjustments for multiple comparisons were necessary. Source data are provided (https://osf.io/kyu3f/).
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